RESUMO A classificação de estado físico ASA (Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas) é uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação pré-anestésica do paciente. Assim, é utilizada em diversos estudos por possuir estreita relação com a morbidade e a mortalidade anestésica. Realizou-se tal classificação em 243 pacientes caninos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Os resultados obtidos foram os seguintes: ASA I (38; 15,64%), ASA II (53; 21,81%), ASA II emergencial (E) (2; 0,82%), ASA III (78; 32,10%), ASA III E (23; 9,46%), ASA IV (11; 4,53%), ASA IV E (36; 14,81%) e ASA V (2; 0,82%). Verificou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes foram classificados como ASA III (doença sistêmica moderada), o que demonstra que, no serviço analisado, a maioria dos animais submetidos à cirurgia são portadores de enfermidades. A mortalidade foi de 2,46%, com a maioria dos óbitos ocorridos no pós-operatório e em pacientes com emergências. Concluiu-se que, no serviço analisado, os maiores riscos estão relacionados aos pacientes com categorias ASA de maior gravidade, em cirurgias emergenciais e, especialmente, no período pós-operatório.

ABSTRACT The classification ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) is an important tool for assessing a patient's pre anesthetic. Thus, it is used in many studies because it has close relation with anesthetic morbidity and mortality. This classification was performed on 243 canine patients undergoing surgical procedures at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The results obtained were as follows: ASA I (38, 15.64%), ASA II (53; 21.81%), ASA II Emergency (E) (2; 0.82%), ASA III (78; 32.10%), ASA III E (23; 9.46%), ASA IV (11; 4.53 %), ASA IV E (36; 14.81%), and ASA V (2; 0.82%). Most patients were ASA III (moderate systemic disease), demonstrating that in the analyzed service the most operated animals are carriers of disease. The mortality rate was 2.46%, with most deaths occurring postoperatively and in patients with an emergency. The greatest risks are related to patients with more severe categories of the classification ASA, in emergency surgery, and especially in the postoperative period.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da música sobre respostas fisiológicas e psicofisiológicas, assim como sobre a potência máxima alcançada durante um teste incremental. Uma amostra de 10 indivíduos saudáveis (20.8 ± 1.4 anos, 77.0 ± 12.0 kg, 179.2 ± 6.3 cm) participou deste estudo. Foram coletadas a atividade eletromiográfica (músculos Reto Femoral - RF e Vasto Lateral - VL), a frequência cardíaca (FC), a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), a percepção subjetiva de tempo (PST) e a potência máxima alcançada (PMax) durante as situações com música (CM) e sem música (SM). Os indivíduos completaram quatro testes incrementais máximos (TIMax) do tipo rampa em um ciclossimulador com uma carga inicial de 100 W e aumentos de 10 W·min-1. As médias dos valores de PMax entre as situações SM (260.5 ± 27.7 W) e CM (263.2 ± 17.2 W) não apresentaram diferença significativa. A comparação entre as taxas de aumento dos valores expressos em root-mean-square (RMS) e frequência mediana (FM) para os dois músculos (RF e VL) também não apresentaram diferença significativa, assim como a FC, PSE e PST. Conclui-se que a música eletrônica durante um teste incremental até a exaustão não surtiu efeito sobre as variáveis analisadas para o grupo investigado.

The aim of this study was to analyze the music effects on physiological and psychophysiological responses, as well as on the maximum power output attained during an incremental test. A sample of 10 healthy individuals (20.8 ± 1.4 years, 77.0 ± 12.0 kg, 179.2 ± 6.3 cm) participated in this study. It was recorded the electromyographic activity (muscles Rectus Femoris - RF and Vastus Lateralis - VL), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), ratings of perceived time (RPT) and the maximum power output attained (PMax) during music (WM) and without music (WTM) conditions. The individuals completed four maximal incremental tests (MIT) ramp-like on a cycle simulator with initial load of 100 W and increments of 10 W·min-1. The mean values of PMax between conditions WTM (260.5 ± 27.7 W) and WM (263.2 ± 17.2 W) were not statistically different. The comparison between the rates of increase of the values expressed in root-mean-square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) for both muscles (RF and VL) also showed no statistical difference, as well as HR, RPE and RPT. It is concluded that the use of the electronic music during an incremental test to exhaustion showed no effect on the analyzed variables for the investigated group.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as respostas eletromiográficas dos músculos reto abdominal e oblíquo externo durante a realização do exercício abdominal “crunch”. Participaram no estudo 13 universitários de ambos os sexos (18 a 23 anos). O exercício abdominal crunch foi realizado até à exaustão, com sobrecargas de 20, 40, 60 e 80% da contração voluntária máxima (CVM). Os valores (mediana e semi-amplitude interquartílica) das três primeiras e três últimas repetições de cada carga foram expressos em root-mean-square (RMS). Observou-se um aumento nos valores de RMS das últimas repetições em relação às primeiras repetições na carga de 20%, nas duas primeiras na carga de 40% e na primeira repetição na carga de 80%. Não houve diferença em relação à carga de 60%. Os resultados demonstram que a utilização de sobrecargas no exercício abdominal pode ser uma alternativa de distinção da intensidade da aplicação do exercício de força, no que se diz respeito à variável intensidade da carga, o que pode tornar-se uma ferramenta prática e útil para ser aplicada em sujeitos que desejam aumentar o nível de força abdominal.

The purpose of this study was to verify the electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis and obliquus externus abdominis during abdominal crunch exercise performed with maximum and submaximum loads. Thirteen male and female university students participated in this investigation (18-23 years old). The subjects completed abdominal crunch exercise until exhaustion with 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the maximum load. The root-mean-square (RMS) from electromyography activity of the rectus abdominis and obliquus externus muscles from the first and last three repetitions from each workload performed was analyzed. RMS for the last repetitions increased in relation to the first repetitions for the 20% workload, first two repetitions on 40% workload and first repetition on the 80% workload. There was no difference for the 60% workload. Results showed that external load on abdominal crunch exercise might be an alternative to increase intensity while performing abdominal crunch exercise, which on its turn can be a practical tool for subjects that aim to increase abdominal strength level.

The aim of the present study was to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio that contributes to hypoxemia in pulmonary embolism by analyzing blood gases and volumetric capnography in a model of experimental acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolization with autologous blood clots was induced in seven pigs weighing 24.00 ± 0.6 kg, anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Significant changes occurred from baseline to 20 min after embolization, such as reduction in oxygen partial pressures in arterial blood (from 87.71 ± 8.64 to 39.14 ± 6.77 mmHg) and alveolar air (from 92.97 ± 2.14 to 63.91 ± 8.27 mmHg). The effective alveolar ventilation exhibited a significant reduction (from 199.62 ± 42.01 to 84.34 ± 44.13) consistent with the fall in alveolar gas volume that effectively participated in gas exchange. The relation between the alveolar ventilation that effectively participated in gas exchange and cardiac output (V Aeff/Q ratio) also presented a significant reduction after embolization (from 0.96 ± 0.34 to 0.33 ± 0.17 fraction). The carbon dioxide partial pressure increased significantly in arterial blood (from 37.51 ± 1.71 to 60.76 ± 6.62 mmHg), but decreased significantly in exhaled air at the end of the respiratory cycle (from 35.57 ± 1.22 to 23.15 ± 8.24 mmHg). Exhaled air at the end of the respiratory cycle returned to baseline values 40 min after embolism. The arterial to alveolar carbon dioxide gradient increased significantly (from 1.94 ± 1.36 to 37.61 ± 12.79 mmHg), as also did the calculated alveolar (from 56.38 ± 22.47 to 178.09 ± 37.46 mL) and physiological (from 0.37 ± 0.05 to 0.75 ± 0.10 fraction) dead spaces. Based on our data, we conclude that the severe arterial hypoxemia observed in this experimental model may be attributed to the reduction of the V Aeff/Q ratio. We were also able to demonstrate that V Aeff/Q progressively improves after embolization, a fact attributed to the alveolar ventilation redistribution induced by hypocapnic bronchoconstriction.